Past Questions and Answers on Reproduction in Mammals

 SSCE/WASSCE/GCE PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

OBJECTIVES

1.    During mammalian embryo development, large amounts of oestrogen and progesterone are produced in the
A. umbilical cord      
B. amnion          
C. placenta       
D. amniotic fluid

2.      The function of the epididymis in mammals is the
A. expulsion of urine
B. storage of sperms
C. circulation of blood
D. activation of sperms

3.      The outermost embryonic membrane in the mammal is the
A. amnion              
B. chorion      
C. allantois              
D. yolk sac

4.      Fertilization in humans usually takes place in the
A. lower part of the uterus
B. upper part of the uterus
C. lower part of the oviduct
D. upper part of the oviduct

5.    If a nursing mother is not producing enough milk, her hormonal system is probably deficient in
A. proclactin                  
B. testosterone    
C. thyroxin           
D. insulin

6.    Which of the following is likely to have a higher concentration of the mitochondria?
A. Sperm cell                  
B. white blood cell     
C. Egg cell    
D. Red blood cell


7.        From the diagram above the structure labelled I originates from the
A. liver                 
B. kidney     
C. small intestine        
D. stomach

8.        From the diagram above Birth control by vasectomy is achieved by severing the structure labelled
A. I           
B. II            
C. III          
D. IV

9.        During ovulation, an egg is released from the
A. corpus luteum          
B. ovarian funnel       
C. graafian follicle  
D. fallopian tube

10.   The reproductive system of a male mammal made up of
A. claspers, prostrate, gland, sperm duct and vas deferens
B. testis, prostate gland, sperm duct and vas deferens
C. oviduct, urethra, testis and sperm duct
D. testis, uterus, prostate gland and sperm 
duct

11.        The part labelled IV is for
A. excretion                 
B. nourishment         
C. protection   
D. respiration

12.        The organ through which the embryo receives food, water and oxygen is labelled
A. III         
B. IV          
C. II         
D. I

13.        Which of the following is not part of the female reproductive system?
A. Ovary                          
B. Seminal vesicles      
C. Uterus     
D. Vagina

14.        Which of the following substance from the mother's blood diffuse through the placenta into the blood vessels of the feotus?A. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
B. Glycogen and starch
C. Urea and carbon dioxide
D. Glucose and oxygen

15.     The structure of the embryo which develops and makes contact with the uterine wall is known as the
A. umbilical cord          
B. placenta         
C. allantois           
D. amnion

16.        Which of the following is the least safe method of birth control? Using
A. spermicide creams
B. contraceptive pills
C. barriers such as condoms
D. the withdrawal method

17.        Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis are both terms used to describe
A. mitosis             
B. meiosis              
C. gametogenesis      
D. implantation

18.        Which of the following events is likely to occur during pregnancy?
A. decrease in production of oestrogen
B. secretion of breast milk
C. ovulation
D. enlargement of breast

19.        Blockage of the oviduct is likely to prevent
A. fertilization             
B. copulation     
C. ovulation
D. secretion of sex hormones

20.    The birth control method applicable to only male is
A. the pill                   
B. the diaphragm     
C. vasectomy  
D. foaming tablets

Answers

1. C

6. A

11. C

16. D

2. B

7. B

12. C

17. C

3. A

8. C

13. B

18. A

4. C

9. C

14. D

19. A

5. A

10. B

15. A

20. C

THEORY

1.      (SSCE 1995) (a) Outline the main stages in the process of the birth of a human baby.

Solution
(a) Main stages in the process of birth
In the process of birth, the posterior pituitary glands secrete hormones called oxytocin, which causes the thick wall of the uterus to undergo regular powerful contraction called labour. The abdominal wall also contracts and eventually the embryonic membranes are broken. The vagina as well as the cervix dilate. With the head of the foetus lying towards cervix, the baby gradually emerges through the vagina.

2.      (SSCE 1997) Describe the development of the mammalian embryo from fertilization to the end of gestation

Solution
The zygote undergoes cell division to form a ball of cells, which moves down the fallopian tube and have itself attached to the wall of the uterus. The outer most layer of this ball of cell is called the trophoblast, which contribute to the formation of placenta. The placenta is the organ, which the zygote uses to implant itself in the mother womb. Amnion and chorion are formed and amniotic fluid protects the embryo. The embryo obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother and eliminate waste products through the placenta via the umbilical cord. The body features form by differentiation and birth occurs at the end of gestation.

3.      (WASSCE 2014) state three secondary sexual characteristics in girls  

Solution

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